COURAGE

connecting collections

Ludvík Vaculík was a writer and columnist. During the Second World War he worked at the Baťa factory in Zlín, studied at a shoemaking school and a business school for foreign trade. After the war he graduated from the Political and Social College. Upon returning from military service, he became editor of Rudé právo (Red Law), and later also worked in Czechoslovak radio. During the 1960s, he attracted attention in the editorial office of the Literární noviny (Literary Newspapers), later renamed Literární listy (Literary Letters) and then Listy (Letters), the most important periodical of the reformed intelligence. He remained at Listy until its ban in 1969.

Ludvik Vaculík was a member of the Communist Party; he joined in 1945. At the first meeting he knew he had made a bad decision. He did not like kind of people he met there, but he did not want to quit because he hoped he would have an influence from within. He did not like the Communist regime abusing the idealism of its supporters. At IV. writers’ congress in 1967 he spoke about the post-war development of Czechoslovakia and he was particularly critical. He declared that "no human question has been resolved in our country in twenty years." After this performance, he was expelled from the party.

In 1968, he wrote he proclamation, "Two Thousand Words". He also became a signatory of Charter 77. After the Prague Spring was suppressed, he was banned from publishing for 20 years. Conservative communists called him a platform for counter-revolution.

Vaculík did not emigrate from Czechoslovakia, but took over the samizdat edition of forbidden literature, Edice Petlice (founded in 1972).  For the next two decades, Vaculík was one of the leading dissidents and writers who were officially banned, but their works and ideas spread through samizdat or in foreign editions. After 1989 he continued his creative work. His best-known works include, for example, Český snář (Czech Dream Book) (1981), which is a narrative about life in dissent, or a novel for young people, Morčata (The Guinea-Pigs) (1973), which explores human marginalization. This work has been translated into eleven foreign languages. Český snář deals with everyday experiences of the late '70s, but also increasing pressure from the State Security following the formation of Charter 77, of which Vaculík was a founding member. At the same time, Vaculík wrote highly-valued feuilleurs, one every month. Their readers were predominantly people from dissident circles. Separate editions were published only after 1989 in two collections, Spring is Here and August Year. Vaculík was one of the most persecuted writers in Czechoslovakia. He lost his job and was forbidden from publishing. However, he did not emigrate even after the occupation in 1968.

In 1996 he was awarded the Order of T. G. Masaryk III. class. In 2008, he was awarded the State Prize for Literature, “for his literary and publicist work so far, taking into account the prose piece ‘Hodiny klavíru’ (‘Piano Lessons’)”

Éva Vadas was a Salesian nun and Bokor member. She entered the Social Mission Society/ Szociális Missziótársulat in 1935. She visited and helped people in hospitals and jails, and she also helped other families and did administrative work. She learned about the aims and principles of Bokor in 1948, and after the dissolution of the convents in 1950, she found the ideas of social responsibility and charity which Bokor represented very close to her own vision. She had to work in a factory. During these years, she organized the communities and helped spread the samizdats of György Bulányi. She was imprisoned from 1952 to 1956. After her release, she remained a member of Bokor up to her death. The collection of the Bokor base community is based on Éva Vadas’ documents. She contributed to the work of the community as a typist. She typed the Bokor samizdats, for example, the issues of Christmas Present /Karácsonyi ajándék (KARAJ).

Lauri Vahtre (b. 1960) is an Estonian historian, writer and politician. He is active in popularising history.
As a student at the Tartu State University, he was an activist and one of the main members of the Noor-Tartu (Young-Tartu) student movement. In 1983, he was expelled from the university shortly before he would have defended his thesis. His exmatriculation was not directly connected with his activities in Noor-Tartu, as he had distanced himself from the movement for a long time before, with the aim of not causing it trouble. However, his intentions and exmatriculation did not spare the movement, and it was closed by its members in 1984.
Vahtre managed to complete his studies in 1984, however. Later, in 1988, he also gained a candidate degree from the Institute of History of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. From 1989 to 1992, he taught as a senior lecturer at the University of Tartu. He was a member of the Congress of Estonia, and from 1991 to 1992 was a member of the Constitutional Assembly.

Szabolcs Vajay (1921–2010) was a Hungarian historian, genealogist, heraldist, and diplomat. Vajay created an important scientific oeuvre. He dealt primarily with the medieval history of Hungarians, genealogy, and heraldry. Since 1943, his professional writings were published in 6 languages in 22 countries. He served as vice-president of the International Academy of Heraldry (1964–1976), and in 1980 he was made a professional heraldist of the Order of Malta. He was the president of the National Fellowship of Genealogist and Heraldist Associations, and he was then made an honorary president.

He was born to a Hungarian noble family in Budapest. He studied at the Szent Imre High School and then went on to study law at the university of Budapest (1939–1943). In 1942, he was made a member of the Knights Hospitallers. As a scholar, he continued his studies in Switzerland. After the putsch of the far-right Arrow Cross Party in Hungary (1944), he chose to live in exile. From 1943 until 1946, he studied at the International Affairs Department of the University of Geneva. He then became private secretary to ambassador György Barcza. In 1946, he took part in the peace negotiations as a junior diplomat. He worked for the International Red Cross and then moved to Argentina in 1948. Between 1949 and 1953, he was the managing main secretary at the Buenos Aires office of the Institute of Modern Art Foundation. He worked as a journalist in France from 1954 to 1958, and he became a cultural co-worker at Radio Free Europe in 1955. Vajay was a UNESCO official (1959–1983) responsible for the Latin American Department of the Class of Social Sciences. He took part in the organization of many higher educational institutions and contributed to the publication of Spanish and Portuguese encyclopedias and the development of scholarship networks. In 1986, he was made permanent commissioner of the International Council of Social Sciences, which operated next to the UN Center in Geneva. He led the Office of the Knights Hospitallers in Geneva. He taught at the Károli Gáspár Calvinist University and the Pázmány Péter Catholic University in Hungary.

Vilmos Vajta (1918–1998) was a Hungarian Lutheran theologist. He was born Vilmos Wagner, but after the Anschluss, in protest he chose the Hungarian name Vajta. He studied at the Faculty of Theology in Sopron (1936–1940) and became a Lutheran pastor in 1940. He was an assistant clergyman and teacher in Budapest, Soltvadkert, Pestszentlőrinc, and Újpest. In 1941, he travelled to Sweden with a state scholarship and studied at the Musical Academy in Stockholm. He then studied theology at the universities of Uppsala and Lund. In 1953, he became a docent at the University of Lund. Between 1953 and 1964, he served as the director of the Theological Section of the World Federation of Lutherans. From 1964 to 1981, he was the director of the Oecumenical Research Institute of the World Federation of Lutherans in Strasbourg. Vajta initiated the organization of the Luther Conferences. He was a regular participant in oecumenical dialogues and he delivered lectures at many conferences.

Milko Valent is a Croatian writer and cultural activist born in Zagreb in 1948. He graduated with a degree in philosophy and comparative literature and has worked as a professional writer since 1976. Being active in the field of culture, he is interested in cultural events in Zagreb and had followed Eurokaz program since its beginnings. He published his impressions on Eurokaz in the book Eurokaz-Burning Solstice.

Heiki Valk (b. 1959) is a senior research fellow and head of the Archaeology Centre for Research and Infrastructure at the Institute of History and Archaeology at the University of Tartu. He graduated from the Tartu State University (the name of the University of Tartu from 1940 to 1941 and from 1944 to 1989) as a historian in 1983, specialising in Late Iron Age and Medieval archaeology. He gained his PhD degree in 2001 from the same university. The title of his dissertation was ‘Rural Cemeteries in Southern Estonia 1225-1800 AD'.
He was a founding member and a core activist in the Noor-Tartu (Young-Tartu) student movement from 1979 to 1984. Today he is one of the owners of the collection of this movement.

Mari Vallikivi is an Estonian art historian, and the curator of exhibitions and a work coordinator at the Kondas Centre of Naive Art. She studied at the Estonian Academy of Arts, and graduated with a BA in 1998. After that, she worked for Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus (the Estonian Publisher of Encyclopedias). Since 2003, she has been a curator at the Kondas Centre. Her main research interest is amateur art during the Soviet period. As a curator, she has to study a large number of different fields, due to the numerous temporary exhibitions at the Kondas Centre. In her opinion, approximately 300 exhibitions have been held. She has worked at the Kondas Centre since its beginning, and has been engaged in its development. In 2008, she began to research Kondas' person and work more closely. By now, thanks to Kondas’ letters and diaries, she has decoded several of his works. Mari Vallikivi considers the study of cultural opposition important, because it is part of Estonian history. The paintings by Kondas are part of this, which becomes clearer and clearer the more information about him is collected. According to Vallikivi, all art should be cultural opposition, in the sense that an artwork without a message does not move forward, art must address and upset, if not directly, then between the lines and allegorically.

Prof. PaedDr. Mgr. Miroslav Vaněk, Ph.D. is a Czech historian who specializes in modern Czech history. From 2000-2017 he was the head of the Oral History Centre of the Institute of Contemporary History of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Since 2017, he has been the director of this Institute.

Miroslav Vaněk received a first in history, Czech language, pedagogy and psychology when graduated from grammar school. Later he received a doctorate from the Faculty of Arts of the Palacký University in Olomouc and is now a lecturer at the Faculty of Arts of the Charles University in Prague.

Prior to 1990, he worked as a primary school teacher. After 1989, he became interested in oral history largely due to his concentration in capturing the events of 17 November 1989 in Czechoslovakia. He then joined the Institute of Contemporary History of the Czech Academy of Sciences, where he later participated in the foundation of the Oral History Centre. He focuses on the theory and methodology of oral history, political elites and dissent and independent musical genres. Since 2006, he has been working at the Faculty of Humanities at Charles University, where he also founded the Master’s Program of Oral History - Contemporary History in 2008.

Selected bibliography:

- VANĚK, Miroslav (ed.). Obyčejní lidé..?! Pohled do života tzv. mlčící většiny. Životopisná vyprávění příslušníků dělnických profesí a inteligence. Praha, Academia 2009. 3 volumes, 1306 p.

- VANĚK, Miroslav. O orální historii s jejími zakladateli a protagonisty. Praha, Ústav pro soudobé dějiny 2008, 135 p.

- VANĚK, Miroslav. Mocní a bezmocní? Politické elity a disent v období tzv. normalizace. Interpretační studie životopisných interview. Praha, Prostor 2006, 412 p.

- VANĚK, M., URBÁŠEK, P. Vítězové? Poražení? Politické elity a disent v období tzv. normalizace. Životopisná interview. Prostor, Praha 2005, 1970 p.

- VANĚK, Miroslav. Orální historie ve výzkumu soudobých dějin. Praha: Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR, 2004. 175 p.

- VANĚK, Miroslav – MÜCKE, Pavel. Velvet Revolutions: An Oral History of Czech Society. New York – Oxford, Oxford University Press 2016, 264 p.

- VANĚK, Miroslav. Those Who Prevailed And Those Were Replaced: Interview On Both Sides of A Conflict. In: Donald A. Richtie (ed.), The Oxford Handbook Of Oral History. Oxford University Press 2011, pp. 37–50.

... and others.

Mojmir Vanek was a scientist, professor of history and journalism, dissident, organizer of Czech cultural life in Switzerland, and also chairman of the Swiss group of the Society for Science and the Arts.

Mojmir Vanek was born on February 9, 1911 in Přerov. He came from a family of teachers and musicians, which influenced his later interests and focus. He attended a grammar school in Přerov and as one of the best pupils of Czechoslovakia, he was awarded a scholarship by the Czechoslovak Ministry of Education to complete his secondary school in France at the Lycée National in Nimes. He then completed his Bachelor's degree at the University of Montpellier and later graduated from Charles University in 1936, where he received his law ldegree. He then completed his studies in Vienna and Krakow. Prior to World War II, he studied history and cultural history (including the history of music) at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Charles University in Prague while also working as an assistant at the Faculty of Law of Charles University.

During the war he worked as the presidential secretary of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts. During the Nazi occupation, they were granting support from so-called Jewish funds to young artists and musicians who often worked under the cover name, mainly for racial reasons, among others for example now famous Czech composer Miroslav Kabeláč. After the war, he was president Edvard Beneš's personal secretary and in 1946 he was released on the orders of President Benes and Minister Jan Masaryk to serve as Senior Counsellour at the UNESCO Secretariat, first in London and then in Paris where he became the first Director of the Arts and Music Section.

His work was interrupted in February 1948 when he was expelled from the Office of the President of the Republic on 26 February 1948 because of the decision of the so-called Action Committee. In 1949, he was arrested along with Milada Horáková and four other colleagues. On 21 July 1950 he was convicted by the so-called state court in Prague for alleged high treason and spying and sentenced to 18 years of heavy imprisonment. He served a punishment of eleven years, of which he spent seven months in solitary confinement at Ruzyne Prison without walks, visits or correspondence. The remainder of his sentence was served in Prague-Pankrác, Česká Lípa, Plzeň-Bory, Pardubice, Leopoldov, Uranium mines in Příbram, Mírov and Valdice. This conviction was expunged from his criminal record only in 1990, however, in 1960, Mojmir Vanek was released from prison during the amnesty conditionally for five years.

He then worked as a metal worker for a few years, and in 1967 he started working at the National Gallery in Prague. In 1966 he also became secretary of the Congress of the International Association of Fine Critics (AICA) in Prague, which he founded in 1946 while working at UNESCO.

In 1969 he went to Geneva, Switzerland, at the invitation of Musée d'art et d'histoire and where he also received the right to asylum as a political refugee in Switzerland. There he collaborated with the Musée d'étour d'Historia de Geneve. He lectured at universities in Geneva, Lyon and Tours. Mojmir Vanek is the author of about 20 studies, articles and translations of scientific papers and many dozens of articles in the daily press.

Mojmir Vanek actively engaged in culture. He saved the famous Prague Quartet before the break-up and organized several series of concerts in Prague. Later, he also did the same thing for the Czech Nonet. In 1940 he was appointed to be a member of the Society for Contemporary Music. After the end of the war he became a member of the constituent committee of the Prague Spring International Music Festival. During his work at UNESCO, he was the main organizer of the International Art Festival, which was launched on 28 October 1946 by a festive concert of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra. After February 1948, he could no longer continue his cultural activities until his emigration to Switzerland, where he continued to do so. Mojmir Vanek organized exhibitions of Czech art at the Museum of Art and History in Geneva, the Kunsthaus in Zurich, exhibitions of Czech graphics at the museums in Lausanne, Geneva and La Chaux-de-Fonds and others. In 1971, after the establishment of the Swiss Society of Science and Arts, based in New York, organised the Symposium “Culture and Freedom” to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Czechoslovakia. It was organized by Mojmír Vaněk in Geneva and many prominent scientists from all over Europe spoke at this symposium. This event had a huge response in the Swiss press. Likely it was due to this event that Mojmir Vanek and his wife Olga had their Czechoslovak citizenship revoked. Vaněk became an outstanding promoter of Czechoslovak music abroad and continued to host many concerts and exhibitions. For his cultural activities, he was awarded the French "Palmes académiques" in France and received a silver medal from Charles University in 1991.

He is also responsible for the fact that the Geneva City Council named one street after President Tomas Garrigue Masaryk.

Árpád Varga E. (1952–2011) was a Hungarian librarian, social researcher and statistician. He was born as Árpád Ernszt in Budapest. He studied public education and library sciences at the Teacher Training Institute in Szombathely, where he worked for the municipal library in 1972–1973. He worked at the regional unit of the Metropolitan Ervin Szabó Library in Budapest, then at the Library of the Teacher Training Academy in Kaposvár from 1975 to 1978 and at the Library of the Institute of Public Education from 1978 to 1985. He studied at the Training Educational Academy in Eger in 1979 as well. In 1985, he started to do research on the history of the official census surveys of nationalities, the changes in ethno-demographical relations and the questions of population patterns of Hungarians in Transylvania. He published many books and studies on this topic. Beginning in 1985, he was a librarian at the Library of Informational Institute of Public Education, while from 1993 he was the director of the Library of Cultural Innovation Foundation. He was the only person who received the award of the Central Statistical Office as an outsider for his statistical processing of the population history of Transylvania.

Mrs. Hetényi Varga is the widow and co-author of Károly Hetényi Varga, who herself did research on clericals who had suffered under the dictatorships of the 20^th century. She was born in Szécsény in 1930 as Borbála Varga. After finishing secondary school (1946), she couldn’t continue her studies because of the hard political and economic situation. She later graduated from school and worked at the office of the National Insurance Company. She had to seek treatment at the Korányi Sanatorium (Budapest), because she got tuberculosis in October 1956. She underwent surgery in 1957. After her recovery, she worked at the Sanatorium (1958–1960), where she met Károly Hetényi Varga, who himself sought treatment there. In July 1960, they got married, and soon they had two boys: Péter Pius (1961) and Károly József (1962). Borbála Varga started to work in the surgery in the Komló City Hospital, but after the birth of their first child, she worked as a regional nurse until her retirement. She helped with their husband’s church historical research, typing the audio materials and sorting sorted the documents, which later were edited by her husband. She was the first reader and the first person to correct the manuscripts. After the death of her husband (2002), she offered Hetényi Varga’s collection to the Cistercian Abbey of Kismaros.

Sándor Varga was born in 1942, in Chotín ( Slovakia). He graduated in Komárno, then continued his studies at the Pedagogical Institute in Nitra. He completed his studies at Comenius University in Bratislava and graduated as a historian-archivist. He received his PhD in 1975. He participated in youth organisations while still a student. The first youth organisation of ethinc Hungarians was established in Czechoslovakia in 1964,after the Czechoslovak Union of Youth failed to meet their needs and claims.  Varga was one of the founders of the Hungarian Youth Association [Magar ifjúsági szövetség]. This association (MISZ) was established in 1968 in Bratislava as  a response to the political situation following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. The main purpose was to create an independent youth organisation, on that protected the rights of Hungarian youth.  From 1968 to 1970 Varga worked as a secretary in the largest cultural organisation of ethinc Hungarians in Slovakia, CSEMADOK. Until the Velvet Revolution (1989) he worked as archivist in the Slovak National Archives; during this time he remaind the member of CSEMADOK and defended the rights of Hungarians. After the Velvet Revolution, between 1989 and 1990, Varga was the Deputy Prime Minister in the Slovak goverment. While in government, Varga represented the Hungarian independent intiative. This intiative was created as one the most important movements during the Velvet Revolution. It worked closely with Public Against Violence. From 1978 till 1989, Varga was a member of the Hungarian minority’s rights defense committee. The commitee co-worked with some international organisations whose main purpose was to protect human rights. In 1991 he created the Documentary centre of nationalities in Bratislava. The centre’s main purpose was to document the history of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia. Throughout his life Varga tirelessly defended the rights of the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia. He also had a big part in maintaning Hungarian cultural heritage in Slovakia. He was not persecuted for his activities.

János Vargha (1949) is a Hungarian biologist, environmentalist, and photographer. He founded and directed the Danube Circle (Duna Kör), a civil movement which opposed the Nagymaros dam project on the Danube River in the 1980s. He completed his studies at the József Attila University of Sciences in Szeged in 1977, after which he worked at the periodical Diver. In 1981, he began to write articles and deliver lectures on environmental issues concerning water management. In 1984, he joined the Duray Committee, a movement which offered criticism of and put up opposition to the Czechoslovak leaderships’ policies against the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia. In the same year, he founded the environmentalist movement Danube Circle. Thanks to his efforts, the organization was awarded the alternative Nobel Prize in 1985. This prompted the Hungarian opposition to support environmentalist candidates in the parliamentary elections in 1985. He was dismissed from his workplace, the editorship of the periodical Science, because of his oppositional activities. In 1988, he became the government’s senior advisor on environmental policy. Until 1997, he was the leader of ISTER – East European Environmental Research Foundation. From 1998 to 2000, he was the chief environmental advisor of the Hungarian government. Now he is working as a photographer and web developer.

Vantzeti Vassilev’s problems with State Security began in the 1970s. Because of his "untrustworthy" origins, he was under control by the State Security. Due to this pressure, and unwilling to cooperate with the secret services, Vassilev left his job and started to work as a swineherd in his mother's village, Vranya Stena, in the Pernik district. He used this time to write the autobiographical novel Semenata na straha [The Seeds of Fear] based on personal experiences and stories he gathered from his father and other former prisoners. Out of fear of identifying those who had shared their experiences, he destroyed all relevant notes. In 1988, during a fair held at the Bulgarian-Serbian border, Vantzeti Vassilev escaped to Yugoslavia and from there to Italy. In Italy he worked as a gardener, translator for Russian evangelical immigrants. At the end of 1989, he emigrated to New York, where he worked as a night watchman, painter, construction worker, and truck and taxi driver. 

Vassilev managed to escape with a copy of his manuscript. Another copy, left at home, was recovered in 2016, having been hidden in the ceiling of the old family barn. In New York, Vassilev became an author of memoir novels. There he finished Semenata na straha [The Seeds of Fear], a first-person account of the humiliation and oppression of a young scientist living under the totalitarian regime. The book was published in Sofia in 1991 with the financial support of Open Society Institute, and presented in New York.

Vladimír Veit is a Czech singer, songwriter, composer, journalist and founding member of the voluntary association of singers and songwriters “Šafrán”, which between approximately 1972 and 1978 covered a group of folk musicians in Czechoslovakia until it was broken up by the State Security at the end of the 1970s. Alongside Veit, the group also included Vladimír Merta, Vlastimil Třešňák, Dagmar Andrtová-Voňková, and Jaroslav Hutka. Vladimír Veit started performing at the end of the 1960s – at first, playing Czech versions of songs by Bob Dylan or Donovan, and later his own material. Veit and Hutka went their separate ways as a music duo in 1968. However, they still write songs together today, and Veit writes music to accompany some of Hutka’s lyrics. Veit also writes music to other lyrics written by Czech and foreign musicians. Among his most popular works is the album “Texty”, where he linked works by 19th-century Czech writers (Neruda, Vrchlický) with contemporary texts by the former dissidents Václav Havel, Pavel Kohout and actor Pavel Landovský. As a signatory of Charter 77 and distributor of samizdat texts, Veit was coerced into leaving Czechoslovakia by the State Security (StB) as part of its Asanace operation. He left for Austria in 1981 and continued to produce music. In Austria, he released his albums “Texty” (1982) and “Quo vadis” (1984), which was recorded with the multi-instrumentalist Emil Pospíšil. They were both released by the exile publishing house “Šafrán 78”, founded in Sweden by Jiří Pallas – another member and organiser of “Šafrán” who had been forced to leave Czechoslovakia. Veit returned from exile in 1990. He continues to produce music and published his autobiography “Ještě to neskončilo” (It’s Not Over Yet) in 2016.

Born in 1984, Iskren Velikov spent only his early childhood during the period of socialism. His involvement with the theme of the socialist past began during his study of history at Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", where he specialized in Contemporary History of the World. Since 2009 Velikov has worked as curator at the Rousse Regional Museum of History and has further developed his professional interest in the recent past. Velikov participates in field studies on everyday life during socialism and has publications on the recent past:
Velikov, Iskren. 2012. "Pamet i musika - shtrihi ot retseptsiite za 'zabrani' ot vremeto na sotsialisma" [Memory and Music – Strokes of the Receptions for “Prohibitions” from the Period of Socialism]. In: Izvestia na Regionalen istoricheski musey - Ruse [Proceedings of the Rousse Regional Museum of History], volume 16, Ruse, pp. 62-76.
Velikov, Iskren. 2013. TKZS 'Deveti Septemvri', village Beltsov - dialog mezhdu darzhava i sobstvenitsi (1950-1958)” [The “Ninth of September” Cooperative Farm in the Village of Beltsov – Dialogue Between the State and Landowners (1950-1958)]. In: Godishnik na Asotsiatsia 'Ongal' [Yearbook of the "Ongal" Association], volume 12, Sofia, pp. 47-63.
Velikov, Iskren. 2013. “Sluchayat 'Ana Ventura' i temata za geroichnata smart" [The “Ana Ventura” Case and the Issue of Heroic Death]. In: Koleva, Daniela (ed.), Smartta pri sotsialisma. Geroika i postgeroika [Death Under Socialism. Heroics and Post-heroics]. Sofia: Center for Advanced Studies, pp. 77-92.
Velikov, Iskren. "Znatsi na ekoprotestite v Ruse (1987-1991)” [Signs of the Ecological Protests in Rousse (1987-1991)]. Forthcoming.
Velikov, Iskren. "Albumat na TPK 'Solidarnost' - Ruse: modeli na visualno predstavyane" [The Album of the “Solidarnost” Labor Production Cooperative in Ruse: Models of Visual Presentation]. Forthcoming.