Hungarian language school-leaving examinations among scouts organized by HSAE

The leaders of the Hungarian émigré scouting movement have always seen their primary mission as "patriotic education" of young people, teaching and promoting the use of their mother tongue and imparting knowledge regarding Hungarian history and folk and religious traditions. As they could, for obvious reasons, not rely on support from either their native or host countries, Hungarian scout leaders and teachers established weekend schools and published books on their own, built tests measuring language skill and knowledge about Hungary into scout training and have for many decades successfully conducted a Hungarian language high-school graduation examination system in around a dozen countries on four continents. The few pages of documents shown here provide an insight into the latter practice. From 1955 to 1984, more than 1,000 Hungarian students managed to pass their high-school graduation exams in the subjects of Hungarian language and literature, history, geography, ethnography and the arts.

Location:
- Szeged, Hungary
Languages:
- Hungarian
Year of creation:
- 1982
Featured item of:
- Hungarian Scout Association in Exteris Collection

ENTWERTER/ODER

The longest-running publication, which was first issued in Berlin in 1982 by the cartographer Uwe Warnke, is ENTWERTER/ODER and it includes 34 issues produced in prints of 10 or 20 copies, in addition to numerous special issues. The publication focused on conceptual photography and serial poetry (serielle Poesie), but it also included prose, collages and graphic art. Among the contributions one should note Lothar Fiedler, Harald Hauswald, Via Lewandowsky, Buchwald Kurt, and Schäfer Ilona.
The publication continues to be issued to this day.

Location:
- Dresden , Germany
Languages:
- German
Creator:
- Warnke, Uwe
Year of creation:
- 1982
Featured item of:
- Artists' Publications from the GDR

Nagy, Gáspár. Three Questions: One Answer, 1982. Manuscript

The poem Három megjegyzés: egy válasz (“Three Comments: One Answer”) was supposed to appear in the November 1982 issue of the journal Tiszatáj. This periodical was published in Szeged. In the 1980s, it was the object of considerable attention, including the scrutiny of the authorities, as it was exploring the limits of censorship. It repeatedly published works that were barely tolerable to the party. Gáspár Nagy’s poem commemorating composer Zoltán Kodály’s 100^th birthday and poet Gyula Illyés’s 80^th birthday had been prepared for publication, but in the last minute it was removed at the order of deputy minister of culture Dezső Tóth. It was censored because it unambiguously referred to Gyula Illyés’s poem Egy mondat a zsarnokságról (“One Sentence on Tyranny,” 1950-51). Illyés’ poem had been written at the highpoint of Hungarian Stalinism under Mátyás Rákosi, but it was published during the 1956 Revolution and became closely associated with it.

Location:
- 9831 Bérbaltavár Rákóczi Ferenc utca 33 , Magyarország
Languages:
- Hungarian
Creator:
- Nagy, Gáspár
Year of creation:
- 1982
Featured item of:
- Gáspár Nagy Memorial House

Portraits of Artists in Mistrzejowice Church, photo series.

Zbigniew Galicki not only took photographs of the Holy Masses taking place every Thursday in Maximilian Kolbe Church in Kraków-Mistrzejowice, but also documented the performances of artists in the church. During and after the martial law, song-writers (Antonina Krzysztoń, various singers from Cracovian Piwnica pod Baranami, Pod Budą band), film directors (such as Andrzej Wajda), and theatre artists (the Theatre of the Eighth Day), visited the church and motivated the audience in their resilience and opposition towards the communist state.

Location:
- Kraków, Poland
Languages:
- Polish
Creator:
- Galicki, Zbigniew
Year of creation:
- 1982
Featured item of:
- Zbigniew Galicki Photographic Collection

Ćorić, Šimun Šito [Boris Katich]. So speak Croatian dissidents, 1983. Book

Šimun Šito Ćorić, a Croatian theologian, writer and psychologist, collected interviews and texts by some of the most important Croatian dissidents (Marko Veselica, Vlado Gotovac, Franjo Tuđman, Petar Šegedin, Ivan Z. Čičak, Ivan Supek, Zlatko Tomičić) in 1983 and published them in English in the book So Speak Croatian Dissidents. He attempted to warn the world public about the unenviable position of Croatia in Yugoslavia, and especially the unfortunate status of persecuted Croatian dissidents. Most of them were sentenced to prison sentences after show trials. The author published the book under the pseudonym Boris Katich because he feared the Yugoslav secret service would retaliate against him (although he was then living abroad), or his family, who lived in Yugoslavia.

In his introduction, Ćorić wrote about the "Croatian question" in Yugoslavia, reflecting on the position of Croatia in the Yugoslav federation and presenting the ideas and demands of Croatian dissidents. He wrote short biographies of the dissidents, particularly emphasising the reasons why the communist regime persecuted them. The book included Franjo Tudjman's paper "Croatia in Yugoslavia," and Tuđman's response to the indictment filed against him by the District Court in Zagreb in 1981; the interview granted by Ivan Zvonimir Čičak to Swedish television, which was also published in the German newspaper (Der Spiegel) in 1977; two interviews with Vlado Gotovac by the Swedish and Dutch media; an interview Petar Šegedin granted to Swedish television; part of Ivan Supek’s book Krivovjernik na ljevici (Heretic on the Left); the article by Antun Nizeteo on the Croatian poet and dissident Zlatko Tomičić, and seven poems by Zlatko Tomičić. The book was released by the publisher ZIRAL in Norval (Ontario, Canada), and was published in two later editions.

Location:
- Zagreb Opatička ulica 10, Croatia 10000
Languages:
- English
Creator:
- Ćorić, Šimun Šito
Year of creation:
- 1983
Featured item of:
- Jere Jareb Collection